Botany Notes
A monohybrid cross is a cross between two organisms with different variations at one genetic locus of interest. The character being studied in a monohybrid cross are governed by two or multiple variations for a single location of a gene.
Inheritance is the acquiring of genetic characteristics or traits from parents by their offspring. In humans, both parents equally contribute to the inheritance of traits. In 1860, Gregor Mendel studied the rules of inheritance of traits. He conducted an experiment on pea plants for the same. He cultivated pea plants and observed their pattern of inheritance from one generation to the next generation. This observation resulted in the discovery of three laws of inheritance, famously known as Mendel’s laws of Inheritance. Let us have a brief discussion on the contribution of Mendel in establishing the law of inheritance of traits.
Monohybrid Inheritance
Here, Mendel crossed one tall and short pea plant and a tall plant was formed. He called this as first generation (F1) and offspring were called F1 progeny. Again, he obtained the second generation by crossing F1 progeny with parent plants. This resulted in both tall and short plants in the ratio of 3:1. Mendel observed that traits which were absent in F1 generation had reappeared in the F2 generation. He called such suppressed traits as recessive traits and expressed traits as dominant traits. These observations led to the formulation of Law of Segregation and Law of Dominance.
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